Saliida Dalbergia Odoriferae Lignum ee shumaca iyo saabuunta samaynta jumlo qaybiye saliid lagama maarmaan ah oo cusub

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Geedka daawadaDalbergia odoriferaNoocyada T. Chen, sidoo kale loo yaqaanLignum Dalbergia odoriferae[1], waxay ka tirsan tahay hiddahaDalbergia, qoyska Fabaceae (Leguminosae)2]. Warshaddan ayaa si ballaaran loogu qaybiyey gobollada kulaylaha ee Bartamaha iyo Koonfurta Ameerika, Afrika, Madagascar, iyo Bariga iyo Koonfurta Aasiya.1,3], gaar ahaan Shiinaha [4].D. odoriferanoocyada, kuwaas oo loo yaqaan "Jiangxiang" ee Shiinaha, "Kangjinhyang" ee Kuuriya, iyo "Koshinko" ee daawooyinka Japan, ayaa loo isticmaalay daawada dhaqameed ee daaweynta cudurrada wadnaha, kansarka, sonkorowga, cilladaha dhiigga, ischemia, barar. , necrosis, xanuunka laabotooyinka, iyo wixii la mid ah5-7]. Gaar ahaan, laga bilaabo diyaarinta dhirta Shiinaha, alwaax ayaa la helay oo si caadi ah loo shaqaaleysiiyay qayb ka mid ah isku dhafka daroogada ganacsiga ee daaweynta wadnaha, oo ay ku jiraan Qi-Shen-Yi-Qi decoction, kiniinnada Guanxin-Danshen, iyo duritaanka Danshen.5,6,8-11]. Sida qaar kale oo badanDalbergianoocyada, baaritaannada phytochemical ayaa muujiyay dhacdada ugu badan ee flavonoid, phenol, iyo derivatives sesquiterpene ee qaybaha kala duwan ee geedkan, gaar ahaan marka la eego xabaalaha [12]. Intaa waxaa dheer, tiro warbixinno bioactive ah oo ku saabsan cytotoxic, bakteeriyada, antioxidative, anti-bararka, antithrombotic, antiosteosarcoma, antiosteoporosis, iyo hawlaha vasorelaxant iyo alfa-glucosidase inhibitory hawlaha ayaa muujinaya in labadabaD. odoriferaSoosaarka cayriin iyo dheef-shiid kiimikaadkiisa labaad ayaa ah ilo qiimo leh oo loogu talagalay horumarinta dawooyinka cusub. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wax caddayn ah looma soo sheegin aragtida guud ee ku saabsan geedkan. Dib-u-eegisgan, waxaanu ku siinaynaa dulmar ku saabsan qaybaha ugu waaweyn ee kiimikaad iyo qiimaynta noolaha. Dib-u-eegiddu waxay wax ka tari doontaa fahamka qiyamka soo jireenka ah eeD. odoriferaiyo noocyada kale ee la xidhiidha, oo waxay bixisaa tilmaamaha lagama maarmaanka ah ee cilmi-baarista mustaqbalka.

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Sida ku cad xogta Liiska dhirta (http://www.theplantlist.org, 2017), magaca soo socda ee la aqbali karoDalbergia odoriferaNoocyada T. Chen waxay ku taxan yihiin heerka kalsoonida sare [13]. Geedka daawadaD. odoriferanoocyada, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan rosewood udgoon, waa geed daa'im ah oo siman.14], oo leh astaamo qaab-dhismeedka sida dhererka 30-65 cagood, caleemo oval ah, iyo ubaxyo huruud ah oo yaryar.14]. Qaab-dhismeedka dabeecadda ayaa sidoo kale lagu soo warramey shaqada Hao iyo Wu (1993), oo ku saleysan sharraxaadda faahfaahsan ee qaabka jireed iyo qaabdhismeedka dibadda ee lagu sameeyay unugyada parenchyma ee geedka kulaylaha ahD. odoriferanoocyada [15]. Sida natiijadu soo bandhigtay, phloemka labaad ee laanta iyo jirridda, borotiinnada vacuole ayaa laga helay dhammaan unugyada parenchyma, marka laga reebo unugyada wehelka. Intaa waxaa dheer, borotiinada ku jira parenchyma ray iyo vasicentric parenchyma waxay u muuqdeen kaliya xylem sare ee sare ee laanta, laakiin kuma jiraan xylem sare ee jirridda. Barootiinada xylem vacuole waxay uruursadeen dhammaadka xilliga koritaanka waxayna baaba'aan ka dib markii ugu horeysay ee koritaanka guga. Borotiinnada phloem vacuole waxay muujiyeen kala duwanaansho xilliyeed, gaar ahaan unugyada u dhow cambium. Qaab dhismeedka fibroeska ah ee borotiinada vacuole ayaa si cad looga helay heerka isugeynta ama in ka badan ama ka yar xitaa kala firidhsan oo ka dhaca vacuoles dhexe ee waaweyn inta lagu jiro labadaba koritaanka iyo xilliyada hurdada. Muhiimad ahaan, dabeecadda horumarinta xilliyeed ee geedaha kulaylaha ayaa laga yaabaa inay ka duwanaato geedaha dhexdhexaadka ah, kaas oo geed caleen ah oo ka yimid kulaalayaasha Shiinaha sidaD. odoriferanoocyada waxay lahaayeen borotiinnada kaydinta asliga ah ee vacuoles dhexe oo waaweyn, laakiin borotiinnada kaydinta asliga ah ee geedaha cimiladu waxay u muuqdeen sida vacuoles kaydinta borotiinka yar ama borotiinka, iyo nooca gaarka ah ee kaydinta borotiinka asliga ah ee laga helo dhirta kulaylaha ma noqon karto dhacdo shil ah [15].

Geedka daawadaD. odoriferanoocyada ayaa lagu muujiyay sida mid ka mid ah rosewoods ugu qaalisan adduunka oo leh daawooyinka kala duwan iyo qiimaha ganacsi sare. Tusaale ahaan, alwaaxdeeda, oo loogu magac daray "Jiangxiang" ee daawada dhaqameed ee Shiinaha, ayaa loo adeegsaday Pharmacopoeia Shiinaha si loogu daweeyo cudurrada wadnaha, kansarka, sonkorowga, cilladaha dhiigga, ischemia, barar, necrosis, iyo xanuunka lafaha6,7]. Ilaa hadda sida aan ognahay, geedaha wadnaha waxay bixiyeen kheyraad faa'iido leh oo saliidaha lagama maarmaanka ah, taas oo loo arki karo sida hagaajinta cadarka qaaliga ah [1]. Marka laga reebo doorka muhiimka ah ee warshadaha dawooyinka, geedaha wadnaha waxay caan ku ahaayeen alaab guri iyo farshaxan heer sare ah, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay udgoonkooda macaan, dusha quruxda badan, iyo cufnaanta sare [2]. Waxaa la ogaaday in dhirta duurjoogta ahD. odoriferanoocyada waxaa khatar ku ah luminta deegaanka iyo ka faa'iidaysiga xad-dhaafka ah ee isticmaalka alwaax2,16]. Sidaa darteed, ilaalinta iyo korriinka midkani waa hawl degdeg ah. Waxaa barbar socda tan, dhawaan, saameynta juqraafiga iyo kala duwanaanta heerkulkaD. odoriferabiqilka abuurka (oo ku saleysan afar goobood oo juqraafi ah: Ledong, Hainan; Pingxiang, Guangxi Zhuang Ismaamulka; Zhaoqing, Guangdong; iyo Longhai, Fujian, Shiinaha) ayaa lagu soo warramey shaqada Liu et al. (2017)16]. Natiijadu waxay daaha ka qaaday in heerkulka biqilka ugu fiican ee abuurka laga soo ururiyay Ledong iyo Pingxiang uu ahaa 25°C, halka iniinaha labada soo hadhay ay ahaayeen 30°C. Xaalad kale, Lu et al. (2012) waxay ogaatay in awoodda nodulating ee lagu hagaajinayo N2 jawiga gudahaD. odoriferanoocyada ayaa shardi u ahaa abuuritaanka iyo korriinka abuurka, sidaas darteed waxaan u baahannahay inaan aqoonsanno xiriirka symbiosis ee ka dhexeeya noocyada rhizobia iyo qanjidhadaD. odoriferanoocyada [17]. Falanqaynta Phylogenetic ee hidda-wadaha 16S rRNA iyo 16S-23S gudaha gudaha la isku qoray (ITS) waxay ku xisaabtameen in labadan nooc ee bakteeriyada, 8111 iyo 8201, ay ka go'doomiyeen qanjidhada xididada geedka geedka leh ee Koonfurta Shiinaha,D. odoriferanoocyada, kuwaas oo si dhow ula xiriirayBurkholderia cepacia. Dhanka kale, waxay sidoo kale la mid ahaayeen ka faa'iidaysiga ilaha kaarboonka iyadoo la adeegsanayo tijaabooyinka bayoolajiga GN2 iyo waxa ku jira DNA G+C waxay ahayd 65.8 iyo 65.5 mol%, siday u kala horreeyaan.17]. Laba nooc oo nuucyo ah, 8111 iyo 8201, ayaa sidoo kale bixiyay waxyaabo la mid ahB. cepaciaadag ee oksaydhka ee ku dhawaad dhammaan ilaha kaarboonka, marka laga reebo cellobiose, marka la barbardhigoB. cepaciaiyoB. pyrrociniaby oksaydhka ee cellobiose iyo xylitol iyo lehB. VietnamensisMarka loo eego oxidation of adonitol iyo cellobiose17]. Intaa waxaa dheer, baayoomass dhirta iyo nuxurka N ayaa muujiyay in hagaajinta firfircoon ee N2 ay ka dhacday nodules ka dib markii lagu tallaalay labadanBurkholderianoocyada, marka la barbar dhigo geedo kantarool xun eeD. odoriferanoocyada [17]. Gabagabadii,BurkholderiaNoocyada 8111 iyo 8201 waxay ka ciyaari karaan door wanaagsan samaynta nodules functional ee noocyada legumeD. odorifera[17].

Fangaska Endophytic ama endophytes, oo si weyn ugu dhex jira unugyada caafimaadka qaba ee dhirta, ayaa si weyn u saameyn kara samaynta alaabada dheef-shiid kiimikaadka iyo tayada iyo tirada alaabada dabiiciga ah ee laga helo dhirta dawooyinka.49]. Xidhiidhka u dhexeeya fangaska kala duwan iyo qaybta aan caadiga ahayn ee geedaha Guangdong, Shiinaha,D. odoriferanoocyada, ayaa waxaa sheegay Sun et al. (2015); Marka hore, laba fangaska oo keliya ayaa laga soocay 160 unugyo alwaax caafimaad qaba oo cad, qiyaastii toddobo jir, kuwaas oo xiriir la leh noocyada Bionectriaceae. Taa beddelkeeda, 85 fangaska ayaa laga aqoonsaday unugyo alwaax ah oo dhaawac ah oo guduudan ama guduud-brown ah, qiyaastii toddoba jir, waxayna ka tirsan yihiin noocyada 12 [2]. Marka labaad, aqoonsiga molecular iyo falanqaynta phylogenetic ayaa muujisay in fangaska go'doonsan ay sameeyeen toddobo qaybood oo kala duwan oo leh inta badan qiyamka bootstrap oo ka sarreeya 90%, oo ay ku jiraanFusariumsp., Bionectriaceae, Pleosporales,Phomopsissp.,Exophiala jeanselmei,Auricularia polytrichaiyoOudemansiellasp. Tusaale ahaan, isku xigxiga ITS ee koodka go'doonsan ee 12120 ee alwaax dhaawacan ayaa loo aqoonsaday inuu yahayPhomopsissp. waxaana lagu soo ururiyey 98% taageerada bootstrap oo lehPhomopsissp.DQ780429ama leh koodka go'doonsan ee 12201 oo laga soo qaatay alwaax cad oo caafimaad qaba, oo si xoog leh loo taageerayoBionectriaceaesp.EF672316, gaar ahaan saddex go'doomin oo kala ah 12119, 12130, iyo 12131 kuwaas oo si dhow ula xiriiray 92% qiimaha bootstrap, kaas oo si adag ugu soo ururay taxanaha tixraacaFusariumsp. GenBank. Seddexaad, cilmi baaris ballaaran iyo guud ahaan falanqaynta soo noqnoqoshada go'doominta endophytic waxay soo bandhigtay laba iyo toban nooc oo fangas ah oo ku jira qoryo dhaawac ah oo guduudan-brown ah taas oo tirada guud ee soo noqnoqoshada ay ahayd 53.125%, oo ka tirsan siddeed genera ama qoys:Eutypa,Fusarium,Phomopsis,Oudemansiella,Eutypella,Auricularia,Pleoporalessp., iyoExophiala, kaas ooEutypasp. (12123) ayaa ahaa kan ugu badan ee leh 21.25%, halka kaliyaBionectriaceaesp. (1.25%) ayaa laga helay qoryo cad oo caafimaad qaba. Ugu dambeyntii, falanqaynta anatomical ayaa soo jeedisay in qaar ka mid ah hyphae fangas ay ka soo muuqdeen weelasha alwaax dhaawac ah oo guduudan-brown ah, halka kan aan laga helin weelka qoryo cad oo caafimaad qaba.